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CE 351 Fall 2020

The Arduino

KeNeda Randall

1. Introduction

In this lecture, the fundamentals of the Arduino C language are introduced. The important contents in this lecture are data types, operators, the ‘for’ loop, the ‘while’ loop, the ‘if’ statement, and the ‘switch’ statement’.

2. The Code and the Results

Part 1.

Figure 1: This is an example of creating a setup and loop function. The setup function initializes and sets the starting values while the loop function loops through any coomands that control the arduino through serial communication. Here an initial "test" response is performed.

Figure 2: This is deadloop. This shows the loop functions ability to continuosly loop through a command unless the funciton is terminated using a 'Serial.end();'. In that case the loop function is initalized once.

Figure 3: Simple arithmathic is accomplished using serial communication. 'a' is represented as an integer using the 'int' (interger) command and the operation is performed by the Arduino chip.

Figure 4: This is logic operation using boolean data type operators (AND &, OR |, NOT !) . A boolean operator only has two pssible values, usaully 'true' or 'false'.

Figure 5: This is an 'If' statement. An 'If' statement evaluates the function using comparison operators, to check for the conditions listed, either for a 'true' or 'false'.

Figure 6: This is a 'For' loop. A 'For' loop repeats a function until a coniditon is met. It is used in conjunction with arrays and an increment counter to repeatively loop through statments until a 'false' condition is met.

Figure 7: This is a 'While' loop. A 'While' loop inifinitely tests a condition statement until it becomes 'false'.

Figure 8: This is a 'Switch-case' Statement. A 'Switch' statement compares a value to various case statements for a match. When a match is found the case statement is executed and ends with a 'break' to keep the case from repeatedly executing.

Part 2.

Figure 9: This is a 'Do-while' loop. The 'Do-while' loop is similar to the 'While' loop except the statement is executed before reaching the condition. The conditon is returned either as a 'true' or 'false' and the loop continues or stops.

Part 3.

Figure 10: This a Hexidecimal number (0x1000) returned as a decimal numder (4096). The command '0x' indicated the value as hexidecimal value and uses the operation [ (1*16^3)+(0*16^2)+(0*16^1)+(0*16^0) ] to convert the value to decimal.

Part 4.
Table 1: Conversion of the binary and decimal numbers to hexidecimal using the operations:
binary to hex: grouping in fours and finding the equivalent hex value; adding 0x to represent a hex value for arduino
dec to hex: (55/16=3.4375), (0.4375*16=7), (3/16=0.1875),(0.1875*16=3);adding 0x to represent a hex value for arduino

1000 1111 0011 0101 (binary)	0x8F35
55 (decimal)	0x37
11 (binary)	0x3

Part 5.
Table 2: Conversion of hexidecimal values to binary representation in Arduino.

HEX	Binary
0xFFFF	B1111 1111 1111 1111
0x3210	B0011 0010 0001 0000
0xABCD	B1010 1011 1100 1101

Part 6.
The following figures show the code for using a bitmask to display a 5-bit binary number using LEDs wired in parallel. An array is used to gather the information for each LED and is used to turn off/on the LEDs after looping through the 'for' and 'if' statements.